TFC #27: The Journey To Your First CNC Machine

Buying a new CNC is a massive leap for a cabinet shop, and it can be overwhelming to make the decision to move forward, choose the right machine, and make sure you have the right software in place.

This week, I was reflecting back on my journey with CNC machines.

My first experience with a CNC machine was in 2016. I ordered a 40in x 40in X-Carve CNC from Inventables.

That little machine was the start of my fascination with automating machinery with software. After a long wait for shipping, it finally arrived in four or five different boxes. Every bolt and every nut was packaged separately. Everything had to be assembled.

The instructions were very vague, or at least I thought they were at the time. I remember sitting out the shed night after night trying to figure out why a certain step of the process was not going as expected.

Finally, I got it together. Now I was ready to start cranking out all kinds of neat stuff…. not quite. In reality, I only made a few plaques and fun little engravings. The rest of the time I spent trying to re-calibrate my machine and upgrade it to be able to do more things.

Regardless of all that, it was a step in the right direction.

A few years later, I had the opportunity to work at Stoll’s Woodworking. I owe a tremendous amount of the skills I have learned over the years to Roman and the rest of the guys there. They are the ones who gave me the opportunity to learn Cabinet Vision and learn how to use a real industrial CNC machine. (A night and day difference to the little hobby machine I owned)

Out of all the shops I have helped out over the past few years, I still think Stoll’s Woodworking does it best. Check out their website to see some of the stuff they do.

I can still remember all the discussions we had trying to figure out what the best move was. Things such as:

• should we get the CNC version of KCD (which we were currently using)

• should we invest in Cabinet Vision

• which machine should we buy

• what specs are important on a machine

• do I need two vacuum pumps

• what size table should I get

• how big of drill block do I need

• do I need an offload table

• what should we buy first, the CNC or the software to run it

It was a whirlwind of emotions. Some days it was all excitement, and other days it was apprehension and uncertainty if we made the right decision.

Once everything was in place and we got the initial kinks out of the process, it was a no-brainer, and it enhanced our capability in the shop in so many ways that we couldn’t have even imagined at the time.

Fast forward a few years, I have had the opportunity to walk several shops through the process of buying their first CNC and help them get their software up and running and I want to share a few misconceptions that typically go with the process and a guide to purchasing your first machine.

A lot of you reading this article might already own a CNC, but I wanted to write this week’s newsletter as a guide for those who have not gone down that path yet. Feel free to pass it on.

4 Common Misconceptions About CNC Machines

Here are some of the biggest things that people get confused about when they are first buying a CNC machine.

The CNC machine will do all the work

A common misconception is that a CNC machine is a magical solution that will automate the entire cabinet-making process. While CNC machines offer significant advantages, they still require skilled technicians’ input and proper programming for optimal results.

Whether it’s intended or not, I feel like CNC companies can sometimes broadcast a message similar to this:

Step right up, ladies and gentlemen! Witness the wondrous magic of the CNC machine – just press a button, and watch as it spits out money and success with the flick of a wand!

After hearing a message like that, the excited prospect quickly finalized the purchase and eagerly awaits the delivery.

Then, when it comes, suddenly he realizes he doesn’t know how to keep it busy. There is way more to it than pushing a button.

This may make all of the machinery guys upset but I will stand by this statement.

Your software is more important than the CNC machine you buy.

Now obviously there is a limit to how true this is because there are certain features that I consider mandatory on a machine. You can read more on these later in this post.

It will replace skilled craftsman

The misconception that CNC machines will replace skilled craftsmen is a common fear among some cabinetmakers. They worry that the introduction of this advanced technology will render their skilled workforce redundant, making their traditional craftsmanship obsolete.

In reality, CNC machines are not meant to replace skilled craftsmen; they are designed to complement their expertise and amplify their capabilities. CNC technology serves as a powerful tool, offering precision and efficiency that enhances the entire cabinet-making process.

Instead of eliminating jobs, CNC machines free skilled craftsmen from repetitive and time-consuming tasks. The machine takes on the burden of precise cutting, drilling, and shaping, allowing artisans to focus on the more intricate and creative aspects of cabinet-making. This means that skilled craftsmen can dedicate their time and talent to perfecting designs, exploring innovative techniques, and infusing a personal touch into each piece.

The role of skilled craftsmen becomes even more critical when it comes to design and engineering. While CNC machines can execute programmed designs with accuracy, the creativity and artistry behind those designs come from the human mind. The intuitive understanding of materials, aesthetics, and customer preferences remains irreplaceable and invaluable in the world of cabinet-making.

It's only for mass production

Some may believe that CNC machines are meant for large-scale manufacturing and may not see the value in investing in one for smaller, custom-oriented businesses.

While CNC machines indeed excel in mass production settings, I believe they have the potential to be more of a game-changer in a small shop, even a one-man shop.

I will admit that the software side of things can get difficult to get right for most small shops because they tend to be more custom than larger-scale operations, but once you have software in place that you are comfortable using, an entirely new world of possibilities is opened to you.

That is why I stress the importance of learning your software.

Software is the key to a Tech-Forward Cabinetmaker, and I foresee it becoming more and more critical for shops to master.

It's too complicated to learn

The misconception that learning CNC technology is too complicated can be a significant barrier for many cabinetmakers. Some may shy away from adopting CNC machines due to the fear of a steep learning curve and the belief that they lack the technical expertise required to operate these advanced tools.

This is one gap that I am trying to narrow with the content I am producing. I want to help people recognize that CNC technology is entirely achievable.

While CNC technology does involve a certain level of complexity, modern CNC machines and software have come a long way in terms of user-friendliness and intuitive interfaces. Most companies also do a great job of making sure their customers are supported and able to utilize their investment.

Plus, there are more and more people getting involved in the 3rd party training and teaching space.

Guide To Purchasing Your First Machine

Here is a practical guide to purchasing your first CNC machine.

#1 - Get Your Software In Place

There are two types of software you will likely need.

The main one is what I called manufacturing software such as Cabinet Vision or Mozaik. This is going to be the important piece and ideally, this should be doing at least 90% of your CNC programming and nesting. For some, it might be all you need.

If you were not using manufacturing software prior to buying a CNC, I would recommend buying your software at least 3 months prior to your machine arriving.

The second piece you might need to implement is called CAD/CAM software such as Alphacam, Enroute, or vCarve. This will be used for more of the custom, one-off designs that need to be cut on the CNC. This could include things such as a profiled arched toe kick, or other complex parts. You will have much greater control over custom parts a CAD/CAM software than in your manufacturing software.

Your software is going to be the key to your success so whatever you choose, make sure you are able to easily access training and support to help you master your software.

#2 - Research CNC Machines

Now comes the difficult part. At least with software, there aren’t thousands of options.

When you start researching CNC machines, you are going to get overwhelmed with the options that are available.

The first thing I would recommend is going to IWF or AWFS and looking at the various machines that are available. It’s difficult to not get distracted by all the robots and the different things they have going on, but it’s a good time to watch how the different machines operate and look at how their CNC machine interface looks. It’s also a good time to get good deals on machines, but be careful to not make a hasty decision based on a “good deal”.

The second thing I would do is get in touch with a few machinery salesmen. I know some of us can get turned off pretty quickly at the thought of someone trying to sell us something, but in reality, most of them are there to help you through the process. So reach out to a few companies, and find a salesman you like and that you can trust.

Finally, if you have any local shops in your area, ask if you can come for a visit and check it out. It’s a great way to network and it may be one of your few opportunities to get an unbiased recommendation on a machine.

#3 - Choosing a CNC

You’re going to hear a lot about different specifications and why “this machine is better than that machine” as you go through the process.

You might find it tempting to go with a Do-It-Yourself CNC brand or a hobby-grade CNC, but I would highly suggest making the investment in a known brand to help ensure your success.

Here is my honest opinion…. yes, there are differences in machines. Some will move faster than others, some will have better software interfaces, some will have more powerful spindles, and so on, but as long as you don’t buy a cheap hobby-grade machine, they will all do the job.

There are lots of reputable brands but I like Stiles/Homag, Biesse, and SCM from the machines I have seen and worked with. However, I have also been impressed with what I have seen from NewCNC at a cheaper cost. The main thing you want to make sure of is that you get a sturdy and well-built CNC.

As long as you get a CNC from a known brand, these requirements won’t be an issue, but here is a list of requirements I have for a CNC machine in a cabinetshop.

• Automatic Tool Changer: An automatic tool changer (ATC) enables the CNC machine to switch between tools automatically. This would be totally unacceptable at a production level. Ideally, you can find a machine with at least 8-10 tool holders.

• Drill Block: This allows you to drill holes with drill bits on a separate block instead of using your router head. The number of bits on your block is not super important for most people.

• Vacuum Pumps: A vacuum pump or pumps hold the sheet in place while the router is cutting. You don’t want to skimp on this. The more suction and zone control, the less problems you will have with small parts.

• Dust Collection System: A dust collection system is vital to maintain a clean and safe working environment. It also helps improve tool life and precision.

• Sufficient Bed Size: The CNC machine should have a large enough bed size to accommodate at least a 4×8 sheet of plywood. I would not even consider recommending getting anything less than 4×8.

• Compatibility with CAD/CAM Software: Ensure the CNC machine is compatible with your software. This isn’t as big of a problem as it used to be. As long as you buy a popular machine, and use a common software, you are going to be fine. But it doesn’t hurt to double-check before buying a machine.

• Training and Support: People always undervalue this before a purchase. In reality, it should probably be the biggest factor in a decision, especially for your first machine. You need to know that whatever company you choose to buy from, is able to support you if you have questions, or if the machine breaks down. I’ve seen plenty of emergencies where production is totally halted because of a breakdown or technical issue and the speed at which that problem is resolved becomes very very important.

• Auto Unload: (optional) A push-off and unload system can increase the number of sheets you are able to cut by 40%-50%. I included this because I think it is a very worthwhile investment, but not necessarily a must-have for your first machine. However, it’s a good idea to find a machine that you are able to add on to down the road if you decide to do it.

#4 - Empower Your Team

I definitely stress the importance of working with companies that offer training and support, but the biggest factor in your success will be how well your team adapts to the machine and learns how to master the software and operator side.

If you have someone in your shop who is curious about technology and likes to solve problems, give them a shot. You might be amazed at how quickly they get things up and running for you.

I would recommend entrusting one person to handle the software side of things, and one guy to handle the machine operating and maintenance schedule.

Random tip: While your machine tech is at your shop, grab a notebook and have him go through all the processes that will be needed on the machine while you write them down (step by step). This can be things such as changing a tool, moving a tool, creating a new tool, maintenance steps, and other things. I’ve seen people think they have it figured out while the tech is there and a week later, they forget how to change a tool. No shame in writing things down. That notebook will be a very valuable resource if you record the steps accurately.

Wrapping Up

There is certainly more that could be added to this topic, but I hope this is a good introduction for the person who is currently trying to decide if now is the right time to get a CNC.

Buying a new CNC machine for your cabinet shop is undoubtedly a significant leap that comes with its fair share of challenges and uncertainties. It is natural to feel overwhelmed when making this decision, but remember that every successful journey begins with a single step.

I’d love to hear from you.

For those of you who have CNC machines, what was your first experience like?

For those that don’t, what is the biggest thing keeping you from getting one?

Thanks for reading and have a blessed weekend,
Myron